There are many kinds of chips. Today I will introduce you a chip that is closely related to our life, IGBT (Insulated gate bipolar transistor), which is widely used in electric vehicles.

IGBT is used for electric vehicles, railway locomotives, EMU AC motor output control chip.

Igbts directly control the conversion of direct and alternating current, which determines the torque of the drive system, as well as the maximum power output. So, your acceleration, top speed, energy efficiency depends on it.

The IGBT accounts for about half of the cost of the motor drive system and 5% of the vehicle's cost, making it the second most expensive component in the entire electric vehicle (after the battery). It is no exaggeration to say that this is the "core technology" of electric vehicles.

Structurally, IGBT has three main directions:

1, IGBT longitudinal structure: non-transparent collector NPT type, PT type with buffer layer, transparent collector NPT type and FS electric field cutoff type;

2, IGBT grid structure: plane grid mechanism, Trench trench structure;

3, silicon wafer processing technology: epitaxial growth technology, zone fused silicon single crystal;

According to the packaging process, IGBT module can be divided into two types: welding type and crimping type. High pressure IGBT module is generally standard welding type packaging, low and medium pressure IGBT module has appeared a lot of new technology, such as sintering instead of welding, pressure contact instead of lead bonding compression type packaging process.

With the continuous development of IGBT chip technology, the maximum working junction temperature and power density of chips are increasing, so the IGBT module technology should also adapt to it. In the future, IGBT module technology will be improved in two aspects: "chip back welding and fixing" and "front electrode interconnection".

The main application areas of IGBT

As the mainstream of new power semiconductor devices, IGBT has been widely used in industrial, 4C (communication, computer, consumer electronics, automotive electronics), aerospace, national defense and other traditional industrial fields, as well as rail transit, new energy, smart grid, new energy vehicles and other strategic emerging industries.

1. New energy vehicles

IGBT module plays a vital role in electric vehicles, which is the core technical component of electric vehicles and charging piles. IGBT modules account for nearly 10% of the cost of electric vehicles and about 20% of the cost of charging piles. IGBT is mainly used in the field of electric vehicles in the following aspects:

A) The electric control system drives the motor after high-power DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter;

B) Vehicle air conditioning control system low-power DC/AC (DC/AC) inverter, using IGBT and FRD with low current;

C) Charging pile IGBT module in intelligent charging pile is used as switching element;

2. Smart grid

IGBT is widely used in the power generation end, transmission end, power transformation end and power end of smart grid:

From the power generation point of view, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation rectifier and inverter need to use IGBT module.

From the perspective of transmission end, FACTS flexible transmission technology in UHVDC requires a large number of IGBT and other power devices.

From the transformer point of view, IGBT is the key component of power electronic transformer (PET).

From the point of view of electricity, household white electricity, microwave oven, LED lighting drivers and so on have a large number of IGBT demand.

3. Rail transit

IGBT devices have become the mainstream power electronic devices for traction converters and various auxiliary converters of rail transit vehicles. Ac transmission technology is one of the core technologies of modern rail transit. Traction converter is the key component in AC transmission system, and IGBT is one of the most core components of traction converter.